Es gibt nicht nur aptitude um Kommandos für die darunter liegende Ebene des Paketmanagementsystems von Debian zu nutzen. Wajig ist eines davon.
Manche fragen sich vielleicht warum wajig entstanden ist und warum man es nutzen sollte.
wajig ist ein ein Pythonscript, welches alle für eine Administration von Debian benutzten Programme ( dselect, deity, deity-gtk, aptitude, apt-get, dpkg, gnome-apt, apt-cache) unter einen Hut bringt und sich wie in etwa die mysql-Shell verhält. Somit hat man diese ganzen Befehle gebündelt in einer Shell und muss nicht von einem Befehl zu einem anderen wechseln. Sprich es macht die komplette Administration ein wenig einfacher. Dies soll nicht bedeuten, das man sich nicht mit den Programmen selbst beschäftigen sollte. Nicht überall findet man wajig installiert vor und man sollte auch das darunterliegende System kennen.
Installiert wird das Ganze mit einem zünftigen aptitude install wajig
Nach der Eingabe von wajig als root erhält man die Kommandozeile von wajig, welche im ersten Moment mehr als unspannend aussieht:
JIG>
Spannender wird es erst, wenn man die Hilfe aufruft:
JIG> help Common JIG commands: update Update the list of downloadable packages new List packages that became available since last update newupgrades List packages newly available for upgrading install Install (or upgrade) one or more packages or .deb files remove Remove one or more packages (see also purge) toupgrade List packages with newer versions available for upgrading upgrade Upgrade all of the installed packages or just those listed listfiles List the files that are supplied by the named package listnames List all known packages or those containing supplied string whatis For each package named obtain a one line description whichpkg Find the package that supplies the given command or file Run LIST-COMMANDS for a complete list of commands.
In dem Moment unterscheidet sich wajig aber immer noch nicht von aptitude und auch ich dachte mir, also dies ist nicht wirklich ein Tool, welches ich unbedingt brauche um mein System zu administrieren, denn in dem Fall spare ich mir doch den Speicherplatz von wajig. Aber da ich ein Spielkind in vielen Dingen bin, habe ich mich doch ein wenig mehr aus dem Fenster gelehnt und list-commands aufgerufen. Hierzu muss man noch sagen, dass wajig selbst die Befehle komplementiert und somit ein schnelles arbeiten möglich ist.
Nicht erschrecken ツ
JIG> list-commands All JIG commands: addcdrom Add a CD-ROM to the list of available sources of packages auto-alts Mark the alternative to be auto set (using set priorities) auto-clean Remove superseded .deb files from the download cache auto-download Do an update followed by a download of all updated packages auto-install Perform an install without asking questions (non-interactive) auto-remove Remove packages installed automatically as dependencies available List versions of packages available for installation bug Check reported bugs in package using the Debian Bug Tracker build Retrieve/unpack sources and build .deb for the named packages build-depend Retrieve packages required to build listed packages changelog Retrieve latest changelog for the package clean Remove all deb files from the download cache commands List all the JIG commands and one line descriptions for each contents List the contents of a package file daily-upgrade Perform an update then a dist-upgrade dependents List of packages which depend/recommend/suggest the package describe One line description of packages (-v and -vv for more detail) describe-new One line description of new packages detail Provide a detailed description of package (describe -vv) detail-new Provide a detailed description of new packages (describe -vv) dist-upgrade Upgrade to new distribution (installed and new rqd packages) docs Equivalent to help with -verbose=2 download Download package files ready for an install editsources Edit the list of archives for Debian packages extract Extract the files from a package file to a directory file-download Download packages listed in file ready for an install file-install Install packages listed in a file file-remove Remove packages listed in a file find-file Search for a file within installed packages find-pkg Search for an unofficial Debian package at apt-get.org fix-configure Perform dpkg --configure -a (to fix interrupted configure) fix-install Perform apt-get -f install (to fix broken dependencies) fix-missing Perform apt-get --fix-missing upgrade force Install packages and ignore file overwrites and depends help Print documentation (detail depends on --verbose) hold Place listed packages on hold so they are not upgraded init Initialise or reset the JIG archive files info List the information contained in a package file install Install (or upgrade) one or more packages or .deb files installr Install package and associated recommended packages installrs Install package and recommended and suggested packages installs Install package and associated suggested packages install/dist Install packages from specified distribution (must be in sources.list) integrity Check the integrity of installed packages (through checksums) large List size of all large (>10MB) installed packages last-update Identify when an update was last performed list List the status and description of installed packages list-all List a one line description of given or all packages list-alts List the objects that can have alternatives configured list-cache List the contents of the download cache list-commands List all the JIG commands and one line descriptions for each list-daemons List the daemons that JIG can start/stop/restart list-files List the files that are supplied by the named package list-hold List those packages on hold list-installed List packages (with optional argument substring) installed list-log List the contents of the install/remove log file (filtered) list-names List all known packages or those containing supplied string list-orphans List libraries not required by any installed package list-scripts List the control scripts of the package of deb file list-section List packages that belong to a specific section list-sections List the sections that are available list-status Same as list but only prints first two columns, not truncated list-wide Same as list but avoids truncating package names local-dist-upgrade Dist-upgrade using packages already downloaded local-upgrade Upgrade using packages already downloaded, but not any others locate Search for a file within installed packages madison Runs the madison command of apt-cache. move Move packages in the download cache to a local Debian mirror new List packages that became available since last update news Obtain the latest news about the package new-upgrades List packages newly available for upgrading non-free List installed packages that do not meet the DFSG orphans List libraries not required by any installed package package Generate a .deb file for an installed package policy From preferences file show priorities/policy (available) purge Remove one or more packages and configuration files purge-depend Purge package and those it depend on and not required by others purge-orphans Purge orphaned libraries (not required by installed packages) purge-removed Purge all packages marked as deinstall readme Display the packages README file from /usr/share/doc recursive Download package and any packages it depends on recommended Install package and associated recommended packages reconfigure Reconfigure the named installed packages or run gkdebconf reinstall Reinstall each of the named packages reload Reload daemon configs, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons) remove Remove one or more packages (see also purge) remove-depend Remove package and its dependees not required by others remove-orphans Remove orphaned libraries (not required by installed packages) repackage Generate a .deb file for an installed package reset Initialise or reset the JIG archive files restart Stop then start a daemon, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons) rpm2deb Convert a RedHat .rpm file to a Debian .deb file rpminstall Install a RedHat .rpm package rpmtodeb Convert a RedHat .rpm file to a Debian .deb file search Search for packages containing listed words search-apt Find local Debian archives suitable for sources.list setup Configure the sources.list file which locates Debian archives show Provide a detailed description of package [same as detail] showdistupgrade Trace the steps that a dist-upgrade would perform showinstall Trace the steps that an install would perform showremove Trace the steps that a remove would perform showupgrade Trace the steps that an upgrade would perform size Print out the size (in K) of all, or listed, installed packages sizes Print out the size (in K) of all, or listed, installed packages snapshot Generates list of package=version for all installed packages source Retrieve and unpack sources for the named packages start Start a daemon, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons) status Show the version and available version of packages status-match Show the version and available version of matching packages status-search Show the version and available version of matching packages stop Stop a daemon, e.g., gdm, apache (see list-daemons) suggested Install package and associated suggested packages tasksel Run the Gnome task selector to install groups of packages toupgrade List packages with newer versions available for upgrading unhold Remove listed packages from hold so they are again upgraded unofficial Search for an unofficial Debian package at apt-get.org update Update the list of downloadable packages update-alts Update default alternative for things like x-window-manager update-pci-ids Updates the local list of PCI ids from the internet master list update-usb-ids Updates the local list of USB ids from the internet master list upgrade Upgrade all of the installed packages or just those listed verify Check the md5sums of a package. version Show the current version of wajig. versions List version and distribution of (all) packages. whatis A synonym for describe whichpkg Find the package that supplies the given command or file Command line options: -h|--help Print usage message. -q|--quiet Do system commands everything quietly. -n|--noauth Allow packages from unathenticated archives. -s|--simulate Trace but don t execute the sequence of underlying commands. -t|--teaching Trace the sequence of commands performed. -v|--verbose=n Increase (or set) the level of verbosity (to n). -y|--yes Assume yes for any questions asked. Fuller documentation can be found at http://www.togaware.com/wajig. JIG>
Dies ist eine ganze Latte von Befehlen und jeden einzelnen nun zu erklären würde den Rahmen einer Vorstellung sprengen.
Wenn man sich die Befehle aber genau anschaut, sind sie für sich selbsterklärend und wajig bietet sich als wirklich mächtiges Werkzeug für die Shell an.
Vielleicht findet der Eine/ die Eine, oder der Andere / die Andere ein wenig Gefallen an wajig.
Ich muss sagen, dass mich das Werkzeug, gerade in der Administration von entfernten Hosts überzeugt hat und nun zu einen meiner Standardwerkzeugen in Debian gehört.